PHOTOGRAPHY I COURSE OUTLINE

PHOTOGRAPHY I

COURSE OUTLINE

1.0 Introduction to PHO 101

1.1 Course Content

1.2 What is photography?

1.3 Creative elements

2.0 History of photography

2.1 Pinhole camera phenomena

2.2 Camera Obscura

2.3 Light sensitive materials

2.4 Permanent image evolution

3.0 The Camera

3.1 Elements of the camera

3.2 The simple camera (box camera)

3.3 Focusing systems

3.4 Roll film and camera types

3.5 Sheet film and camera types

4.0 Exposure

4.1 Tone reproduction

4.2 Film speed

4.3 Exposure Law

4.4 f/# system

4.5 Shutter systems and speeds

4.6 Photographic light meters

4.7 Metering techniques

5.0 Films For Photography

5.1 Latent Image Theory

5.2 Characteristics of roll film emulsions

5.3 Sensitometry

6.0 Processing Roll Film

6.1 Negative development

6.2 Developer composition

6.3 Developer types

6.4 Developer controls

6.5 Other chemicals in process

6.6 Darkroom facilities and equipment

7.0 Printing

7.1 Print paper characteristics

7.2 Contact Printing

7.3 Enlarging

7.4 Print controls

7.5 Types of enlargers

8.0 The Nature of Light

8.1 Light Rays vs. Light Waves

8.2 Reflection

8.3 Refraction

8.4 Diffraction

8.5 Polarization

9.0 Photographic Lenses

9.1 Simple lenses and image formation

9.2 Lens aberrations

9.3 Focal length and image size

9.4 Focal length and angle of view

9.5 Lens types

9.6 Depth of field controls

10.0 Available Light Photography

10.1 The Four Typical Lighting Conditions

10.2 Available light conditions

10.3 Techniques for available light

10.4 Films

11.0 Flash Photography

11.1 Electronic flash characteristics

11.2 Flash synchronization

11.3 Exposure determination

11.4 Direct Flash

11.4 Bounce Flash

11.5 Fill Flash

11.6 Multiple Flash

12.0 DigItal Imaging

13.1 Silver based versus digital photography

13.2 Equipment for digital imaging

13.3 File sizes

13.4 Image editing software

13.0 Color Theory and Filters

14.1 Additive Color

14.2 Subtractive Color

14.3 Color reproduction

14.4 Color filters for black and whit film

14.5 Special purpose filters

PHO 101

Photography I

Digital Imaging Module

I. Digital and Silver-Based Photography Comparison

A. Silver Based Photography

1. Image Represented as Continuously Variable Scale of Tones

2. An Analog Image versus a Digital Image

3. Gray Scale

B. Digital Photography

1. Image Divided Into Grid Pattern

2. Variations in Light are Digitized

a. Stored in Numeric Form

b. Thousands to Millions of Tiny Squares

c. Pixels - Picture Elements

C. Compare Gray Scale With Pixel Structure

1. Gelatin Silver Prints

a. Randomly Dispersed Clumps of Silver

b. Clumps Vary in Size and Number

c. Ratio of Black Silver to White Paper Creates Gray Value

2. Digital Image

a. Orderly Pattern of Pixels

b. Each Pixel Represents a Gray Value

II Obtaining a Digital Image

A. Charge Couple Devices (CCD)

1. Structure - Thousands of Light Sensing Elements

2. Convert Varying Light Levels to Electrical Signal

3. Brighter the Light, Higher the Signal

4. Signal Digitized and Stored in Numerical Form

B. Types of Digital Equipment

1. Digital Cameras

a. CCD Array at Focal Plane

b. Light Converted to Pixelized Image

c. Compare Price and Sharpness to Film Cameras

2. Film Scanners

a. Sensor Cells Arranged in Long Row

b. Film Passes Over Face

c. Higher Resolution Compared to Digital Cameras

d. Relate Kodak Photo CD

3. Flatbed Scanners

a. Digitize Prints I Other Reflective Materials

b. Linear CCD

c. Relatively Inexpensive

d. Disadvantage - Must Develop film & Prints First

4. Drum Scanners

a. Highest Quality Scans

b. Use PMTs

c. Very Expensive

III. Structure of Digital Image

A. Pixels - Picture Elements

1. Each Pixel Represents Gray Value

2. Stored in Numerical Form

3. Computers Store These Numbers

B. PPI - Pixels Per Inch Equals Resolution

1. Vary From 1/50” to 1/500”

a. Low Resolution - 50 ppi

1. 50 x 50 Equals 2,500 Pixels Each Square Inch

b. High Resolution - 500 ppi

1. 500 x 500 Equals 250,000 Pixels Each Square Inch

C. Image Size (number of pixels in an image)

IV. Storing Image Information

A. Computers are Binary

1. Keep Track of Os and is

2. Microchip Switches B. Bit-. One Binary Digit

C. Byte - Group of 8 Switches

D. Bit Depth - Storage Allotted to Each Pixel 1. One Byte Has 256 Values or Gray Tones

E. File Image Stored as Collection of Numbers

1. File Stores Information

a. Image Size

b. Black and White or Color

c. Pixel Values For Image

2. File Size - Storage Required is a Product of:

a. Image Resolution

b. Bit Depth

c. Image Size

V. Storage Systems

A. Floppy disks

B. Cartridge disc drive

C. Digital tape

D. Optical disk - Photo CD

E. Compression software

VI. Digital Color Representation

A. RGB Color - 3 Layers For each Primary

1. 24 Bit Color

2. 16,777,216 Colors

B. CMYK Color - Subtractive Primaries Plus Grays (K)

VII. Display

A. Computer monitor

B. Printer

C. Film Recorder

VIII. Editing a Digital Image Using Software Programs

A. Changing Selected Areas

1. Brightness

2. Contrast

3. Color balance

B. Enhancing reality

C. Beyond reality

IX. Using Digital Images

A. Combining Photography and Illustration

B. Newspapers/Photojournalism

C. Advertising

D. Ethics and digital imaging

PHO 101

Project #6

Digital Imaging

Theory:

The conversion of light into pixels is usually done with a digital camera, a film scanner or a print scanner. They use an electronic sensor known as a charge-coupled device, or CCD. A CCD contains thousands of thy light sensing elements. Each element can convert varying levels of light into an electrical signal. The brighter the light, the stronger the signal. The signal is then digitized and stored in numerical form.

In digital cameras the CCD is in the form of a two dimensional checkerboard array of individual photosensitive receptors. Each of these receptors represents one pixel in the final image. The CCD array is usually smaller than a 35 mm negative and may contain millions of sensing elements. The image forming light coming from the camera lens is focused on the CCD which converts it into a pixelized image.

Objectives:

As a result of this project the student will be able to;

Capture digital images using a digital camera under a variety of lighting conditions.
Take a photomacrograph using a digital camera.
Process digital images using Adobe PhotoShop LE or, Adobe PhotoDeluxe image editing software.
Manipulate digital images to produce various special effects possible with the image editing software, such as:

• Solarization

• Posterization

• Fitters for special effects

• Multiple imagery

Procedure:

Students, working in teams of two, will shoot several campus scenes using a Sony Mavica camera.

• Try various lighting conditions, both in doors and outdoors, weather permitting.

• Try photographing people as well as general scenes of buildings and interiors.

Each student team should then shoot 2 or more photomacrographs of interesting objects.

• Use a tripod or the copy stand in rm. 9-161.

• Try lighting the objects using lamps available in the lab.

• Use diffuse illumination for shiny surfaces.

Use Adobe Photo Deluxe or Adobe PhotoShop LE image editing software to process your digital images. You will be able to:

• Adjust the brightness and contrast of your images

• Adjust the color balance

• Retouch the images

• Try filters or other special effects

Print your images using premium photographic quality paper.
If time permits, try scanning one of your gelatin silver prints and process it digitally as well.

Equipment and Materials:

Sony Mavica MVC-FD83 digital camera
3.5” High Density Floppy Disks - IBM formatted - 1.44MB
Premium Photo Paper Glossy

Submit:

Each student will submit two 5”x7” or, larger, prints.

• One general campus scene or portrait

• One photomacrograph