Courses with Prerequisite Requirements

The following is a list of Courses from the current catalog that have a Prerequisite with a required grade.

ACC 101	Accounting Principles I	Basic principles of financial accounting for the business enterprise with emphasis on the valuation of business assets, measurement of net income, and double-entry techniques for recording transactions. Introduction to the cycle of accounting work, preparation of financial statements, and adjusting and closing procedures.	Prerequisite(s):TRS 094 or MTH 130, either with a grade of C or better OR MCC Level 4 Mathematics Placement OR equivalent.
ACC 130	Introductory Accounting and Financial Analysis	Basic principles of both financial and managerial accounting with the focus on what accounting information is, what it means, and how to use it. Students will learn that accounting is a vital link between business events and business decisions.	Prerequisite(s): TRS 094 or MTH 130, either with a grade of C or better OR MCC Level 4 Mathematics Placement OR equivalent.
BIO 134	Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology I	The study of the structure and function of cells (including metabolism), tissues, integument, and musculoskeletal, nervous, and sensory systems. Designed for students enrolled in the Dental Hygiene, Health Information Management, and Physical Education programs. Also open to interested Liberal Arts students with some biology background.	Prerequisite: High school Biology with a grade of C or better, or any laboratory-based Biology course numbered 120 or higher with a grade of C- or better, or permission of instructor.
BIO 144	Human Anatomy and Physiology I	The first course of a 2-semester comprehensive study of the anatomy and physiology of the human body. Topics include body organization, homeostasis, cells and tissues, integument, skeletal system, muscular system, nervous system and special senses. Laboratory study includes microscope work, substantial organ and animal dissection, and experiments designed to illustrate normal function and physiologic responses to specific stresses. Designed for students in Nursing, Radiologic Technology and other health related programs.	A grade of C or better in a college biology course with lab (BIO 120, BIO 132/133, BIO 155) or a C or better in high school biology, in addition to a C or better in a college chemistry course (CHE 100, CHE 124, CHE 145, or CHE 151) or a C or better in high school chemistry.
BIO 148	Fundamentals of Biology and Inheritance	Principles of biology with an emphasis on cellular structure and function, genetics and population genetics. Topics will include cellular metabolism, molecular genetics, gene expression, Mendelian genetics and population genetics. This course is an introductory biology course for science-interested students. This course may also fulfill a natural science elective for programs that do not require a laboratory science.	Prerequisite(s): High school biology with a grade of C or better,
BIO 155	Introduction to Cell and Molecular Biology	Principles of biology with an emphasis on cellular structure and function, and evolution. Topics will include cellular metabolism, molecular genetics, Mendelian genetics, natural selection and speciation. The laboratory features activities and experiments that reinforce the concepts presented in lecture. This course is one of two foundation courses in introductory biology for science majors or science-interested students. This course is chemistry-intensive and is best approached with a strong background in math and chemistry.	Prerequisite(s): Living Environment Regents Exam score of 80 or higher (or equivalent for students that did not attend New York State Public School), or a C or better in BIO 120, BIO 156, or BIO 148; and MCC level 8 mathematics placement, or a C or better in MTH 104.
BIO 156	Introduction to Organismal Biology and Ecology	Principles of biology with an emphasis on the diversity of life, the structure and function of plants and animals, and general ecological principles. The laboratory features activities and experiments that reinforce the concepts presented in lecture. This course is one of two foundation courses in introductory biology for science majors or science-interested students. This course may also fulfill a natural science elective for science-interested students.	Prerequisite(s): Living Environment Regents Exam score of 80 or higher (or equivalent for students that did not attend New York State Public School), or a C or better in BIO 120 or BIO 155.
BIO 209	General Microbiology	A survey of microorganisms: bacteria, viruses, rickettsia, protozoa, algae and fungi. Major emphasis is placed upon bacteria: classification, genetics, ecology, morphology, physiology, physical and chemical control and economic importance. An introduction to applications of microbiology to food and water analysis, industry and medicine, including principles of immunology and transmission of infectious diseases. This course is designed for the Liberal Arts or science-interested student.	Prerequisite(s): BIO 155 and BIO 156, and CHE 145 or CHE 151, all with a grade of C or better, or permission of Instructor.
BIO 221	Principles of Biochemistry	A study of the major chemical constituents of cells including proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. Structure and function will be emphasized. Enzyme kinetics, regulation of enzyme activity, and metabolic pathways will also be covered. Laboratory activities include isolation of biological molecules from different biological samples using a variety of common biochemistry techniques with subsequent analysis and characterization.	Prerequisite(s): BIO 155 with a grade of C or better, and CHE 151 with a grade of C or better, or permission of instructor.
BIO 226	Bioanalytical Techniques II	An in-depth study of the theory and practice of separation techniques that would be employed in the isolation and purification of biomolecules such as proteins, enzymes, and nucleic acids. Laboratory experiments involve immunology, chromatography, electrophoresis, and blotting techniques (western and southern blots).	Prerequisite: BIO 155 with a grade of C or better
BIO 230	Molecular Genetics	A study of the transmission of genetic information with emphasis on the structure and function of nucleic acids. The genetics of prokaryotes, eukaryotes and viruses will be covered. The molecular basis of replication, repair, recombination, and gene expression will also be examined. Lab experiments introduce a variety of molecular biology techniques such as replica plating, bacterial conjugation and transformation, the isolation and restriction enzyme cleavage of plasmid DNA, and restriction mapping.	Prerequisite(s): BIO 155 with a grade of C or better and CHE 151 with a grade of C or better, or permission of instructor.
BIO 260	General Ecology	An introduction to the interactions between living organisms and their physical, chemical and biological environment. Several levels of ecological organization are examined. These include the study of different types of populations, communities and ecosystems. Topics include population structure and growth, species interaction, energy flow, nutrient cycling, succession, and applications to current environmental management issues. Students perform ecological experiments in the field as well as in the laboratory.	Prerequisite(s): BIO 155 or BIO 156 with a grade of C or better, or permission of instructor.
BIO 265	Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy	A study of vertebrate structure, function and evolution. Relationships between the structural and functional adaptations of the different vertebrate groups and their environment are examined. The laboratory features dissections and experiments that illustrate these adaptations in both aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates.	Prerequisite: BIO 156 with a grade of C- or better, or permission of instructor.
CPT 210	Operating Systems and Peripherals	Fundamental multitasking/multi-user operating system concepts, as applicable to modern day computer systems, are studied. Major topics include priority boosting, priority and round robin scheduling, virtual memory management, paging, mapping, swapping, and process management. Applications that interface to the outside world via the PC's external I/O ports are examined in the laboratory. Emphasis is placed on developing simple "device drivers" using a combination of low and high level language tools.	Prerequisites: A grade of C or better in MIS 200, CSC 101 or CPT 101.
CPT 212	Wireless and Remote Sensor Technology	This course introduces the student to concepts employed in the wireless acquisition of data from remote sensors found on airborne devices such as aircraft, spacecrafts, and satellites as well as from sensors integrated into common commercially available medical devices, tablets and smartphones. The use of remote sensors involves the acquisition of information on an object, phenomenon or an environment with minimum physical contact. In practice this is achieved by acquiring information from sensors that are responsive to environmental elements, which may be atmospheric (air pressure, vibration, humidity) or electromagnetic radiation that may be in the form of invisible (heat) or visible radiation. Students will explore various applications of sensors in a laboratory setting, apply their knowledge of digital electronics, networking and programming and gain experience integrating commercially available electro-optical, magnetic and environmental sensors into a practical wireless application.	Prerequisite(s): MTH 165, ENR 157, CSC 202 all with a grade of C or better.
CPT 215	Routing Fundamentals	This course corresponds to the second semester of the Cisco Networking Academy Exploration track. It describes the architecture, components, and operation of routers, and explains the principles of routing and routing protocols. Students analyze, configure, verify, and troubleshoot the primary routing protocols RIPv1, RIPv2, EIGRP, and OSPF. By the end of this course, students will be able to recognize and correct common routing issues and problems.	Prerequisites: CPT 115 with a grade of C or better.
CPT 270	Information and Computer Technology Practicum	This course provides the student with a capstone experience to prepare for employment within the computer systems field. Students are required to attend a weekly one-hour seminar and complete a 45-hour internship experience with a cooperating employer. The seminar will assist students with job-seeking skills and examine situations and problems related to the workplace.	Prerequisite(s): CP01 students only and D or better in CSC 202 and CSC 206
CSC 101	Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming	A first course in object-oriented programming for the Computer Science student. Emphasis will be on program specification, analysis, problem solving and implementation using an object-oriented language such as JAVA. Topics include definitions of classes and objects, algorithm development and methods, primitive and reference data types, arrays, and strings. More advanced topics such as exceptions and use of inheritance will be explored as well. Successful completion of this course with a C or better is required for further progress in Computer degree programs. Several major programming projects will be assigned to be completed outside of class and lab.	Prerequisite: MTH 172 Or MTH 175,OR MIS 100 and MTH 165, OR MTH 165 and CPT 101, OR MTH 165 and CPT 114, all with a grade of C or better
CSC 103	Introduction to Data Structures	An introduction to basic data structures, and a continuation of CSC 101 for Computer Science majors. Topics include sequential lists, linked lists, stacks, queues, recursion, binary trees, searching and sorting. Other topics include algorithm analysis and design, inheritance, polymorphism. An object oriented language such as Java will be used to implement algorithm and further develop general programming skills. Students will be required to complete several programming projects outside of class.	Prerequisite: CSC 101 with a grade of C or better.
CSC 206	Digital Computer Organization	This course provides an introduction to the design of the digital computer. Topics include number systems, digital gates, Boolean Algebra, design and implementation of combinational and sequential circuits, decoders, encoders, multiplexors, flip-flops, counters, registers and memory devices. Laboratory experiments include building combinational and sequential circuits.	Prerequisite(s): MIS 200 or CPT 101 or CSC 101 with a grade of C or better.
CSC 214	Electronic Vision and Image Processing	This course introduces the student to the basic elements of digital image acquisition and processing by examining how CCD's (charge coupled devices) function and how they are used in a camera to capture an image. Practical hands-on laboratory projects reinforce concepts while the student learns how a truly scientific grade, low noise CCD camera is built from ground-up using discrete components. The students problem solving skills are put to the test as they work in small specialized groups to attack challenging problems. Practical programming skills are developed as the student learns how to apply a high level programming language such as Java, C, Python and/or LabVIEW to facilitate in design, experimentation, data acquisition, image processing and analysis. Topics covered include: types of image sensors, performance characteristics, noise, digitization, scaling, color and gray scale rendition. This course is typically offered in the Spring, biannually.	Prerequisite(s): MTH 165 or higher and one of: MIS 200 or CSC 101 or CPT 101 or CSC 223, both with a grade of C or better.
CSC 215	Introduction to Linux	A course designed to introduce the student to the Linux operating system. Topics will include system installation and configuration, basic system administration, system updates, network services configuration, printer configuration, system services, and scripting.	Prerequisite(s): MIS 200 or CSC 101 or CPT 101 with a grade of C or better or permission of instructor.
CSC 223	Computer Programming - C++	This course presents the principles of computer programming using the C++ language. Topics covered include the use of variable types, expressions, control structures, pre-processor commands, functions, arrays, strings, pointers, structures, classes, objects, and files. Several major programming projects will be assigned to be completed outside of class and laboratory time. Students can earn credit for only one of the following courses: CIS 223, ITP 202, CSC 223.	Prerequisites(s): CPT 101 or CSC 101 or MIS 200 with a grade of C or better.
CSC 225	Advanced JAVA Programming	A second course in Java programming focusing on advanced language features. Topics will include Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD), methodologies, automatic documentation generation using JAVADOC, Graphical User Interface (GUI) development, threads, database programming using Java Database Connectivity (JDBC), network programming using sockets and Remote Method Invocation (RMI), N-tier programming using Common Request Broker Architecture (CORBA), object serialization and remote objects, and collections. Students can earn credit for only one of the following: CIS 225, ITP 201, CSC 225.	Prerequisite(s): CSC 101 or CSC 223 with a grade of C or better
ELT 112	Linear Circuits	Covers a wide range of introductory skills and techniques required by an electronic technician. Topics include semiconductor physics, general purpose and zener diodes, linear power supplies, transistors, transistor amplifiers, and basic operational amplifiers.	Prerequisite(s): ELT 111 with a grade of C- or better (required) and ELT 102 (taken concurrently or previously completed); TEK 101 (recommended).
ELT 201	Linear Systems	A study of linear amplifier and filter circuits. Course topics include small-signal and power amplifiers using bipolar, field-effect transistors and integrated circuits. Frequency response of amplifiers and filters using Bode plots are studied along with the use of negative feedback in systems. Students build, test and troubleshoot amplifier circuits using popular test equipment in the laboratory. The computer (Multisym) is used to analyze single and multistage amplifiers and filters.	Prerequisites: ELT 102 and ELT 112 with a grade of C- or better.
ELT 202	Pulse and Digital Circuits	This course covers pulse waveforms, linear circuit responses and switching circuit analysis, pulse-shaping and pulse-generating circuits, flip-flops, one-shots, registers and counters. Different IC logic family characteristics (TTL, NMOS, ECL, CMOS, LVT) will be analyzed and compared. An integral study and analysis of the circuits used when interfacing the different types of IC logic families will be covered. There will be an in-depth analysis and practical applications of the various digital number systems and codes. Arithmetic manipulation of signed and unsigned binary numbers will be also covered. An introduction to the 8-bit microcomputer architecture will be presented. The student will perform computer analysis of digital circuits using the “Electronics Workbench Multisim” software. By means of a Capstone design project, this course offers an integrated learning experience that was designed to give the students a hands-on, real world engineering problem solving experience. Students will design, build, troubleshoot, demonstrate and present a digital capstone design project. Several laboratory experiments throughout the semester will require formal written reports.	Prerequisites: ELT 102 and ELT 112 with a grade of C- or better, or permission of department.
ELT 204	Industrial Electronics and Control	A survey of electronic circuits and systems in industrial and control settings. Topics include a description of various popular sensors, industrial electronic devices such as SCRs, Triacs, and UJTs, ladder diagrams using relays and their solid-state equivalents, actuating devices including a large number of motors and controllers, and finally the use of programmable logic controllers. The student builds and tests a number of industrial electronic circuits and controllers in the laboratory. The computer (LavVIEW) is used to analyze, emulate, and test various control systems.	Prerequisites: ELT 201 and 202 with a grade of C- or better, or permission of department.
ELT 205	Communication Systems	An introduction to radio communication theory. Topics include oscillation, tuned and rf amplifiers, transmission line effects, matching techniques using the Smith chart, spectral analysis using the Fourier series, AM/FM/SSB transmitter and receiver designs, video and stereo designs, and data communication. In the laboratory, students build and test communication circuits using an assortment of popular devices and test equipment used in this field. The computer (Multisym) is used to emulate, analyze, and collect data for communication circuits and systems.	Prerequisite: ELT 201 with a grade of C- or better, or permission of department chairperson. NOTE: In addition to prerequisite, ELT 202 is recommended.
ELT 206	Digital Systems and Microprocessors	A study of digital systems and the building blocks that make up digital systems. The emphasis will be on microprocessor-based systems hardware, programming and interfacing. The major topics include arithmetic circuits, multiplexers, demultiplexers, decoders, encoders, tri-state bus devices, DACs and ADCs, memory devices (SRAM, DRAM, Flash, PLD's, ROM), microprocessor architecture, microcomputer architecture, I/O modes and interfacing, digital communication standards. The student will learn to program an 8-bit microprocessor (MC68HC11) in assembly language, and will develop the hardware and software for microprocessor-controlled applications. The student will be introduced to a 16-bit microprocessor (MC68000). Major differences between 8-bit and 16-bit microprocessors will be discussed. The lab portion of the course will concentrate on building, testing, and troubleshooting of digital systems including MC68HC11 and MC68000 based microcomputer systems, using oscilloscope, logic analyzer, signature analyzer and computer.	Prerequisite: ELT 202 with a grade of C- or better, or permission of department.
ENG 201	Early British Literature	The first of a two-part survey of English-language literature written in and around what is now known as the United Kingdom. This course examines texts from ca 800-1785, paying close, critical attention to inherited literary traditions and the ways writing informs identity and vice versa. Approaching the traditional canon with an eye toward representational equity, inclusion, and social justice, students will consider questions of power, privilege, oppression, and opportunity as they read texts written in a region where multiple entities have struggled for control. Possible texts include Headley's 21st century translation of Beowulf, Shakespeare’s Othello and its adaptations, Behn’s abolitionist novel Oroonoko, feminist utopias, early travel and medical literature, Swift’s social satire, and Hogarth’s illustrated class commentaries.	Prerequisite(s): English 101 with a C or better, or placement into English 200, or instructor permission.
ENG 202	Modern British Literature	The second of a two-part survey of English-language literature written in and around the United Kingdom, this course examines texts from 1785 to the present, paying close, critical attention to inherited literary traditions and the ways writing informs identity and vice versa. Approaching the traditional canon with an eye toward representational equity, inclusion, and social justice, students will consider questions of power, privilege, oppression, and opportunity and read historically marginalized, colonized, and BIPOC voices as central to British Literature. Students will study literary movements such as Romanticism, Victorianism, Modernism, and Post-modernism, as well as texts in translation that have influenced the development of literature in English. Topics discussed may include Industrialism, War, the rise of the New Woman, colonialism and post-colonialism, and the immigrant experience. Possible texts include Blake's illustrated Songs of Innocence and Experience, Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, Mary Prince's The History of Mary Prince, a West Indian Slave, Elizabeth Barrett Browning's Sonnets from the Portuguese, Oscar Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest, Virginia Woolf's Mrs. Dalloway, Jean Rys's Wide Sargasso Sea, Salman Rushdie's "The Prophet's Hair," and Zadie Smith's, "The Waiter's Wife."	Prerequisite(s): English 101 with a C or better, or placement into English 200, or instructor permission.
ENG 203	American Literature to 1865	A survey of American literature from the Encounter to the Civil War. Readings and discussion focus on writers such as Columbus, Wheatley, Hawthorne, Apess, Emerson, Douglass, Jacobs, Whitman, and Dickinson. Students will reflect critically on literature, evaluate and acknowledge the possibilities and limitations of the authors’ worldviews, and construct arguments about the texts using evidence from primary and secondary sources.	Prerequisite(s): English 101 with a C or better, placement into English 200, or instructor permission.
ENG 204	American Literature Since 1865	A survey of American literature from the Civil War to the present, focusing on the changing values of an increasingly technological society. Includes the major literary philosophies of the time through writers such as Hemingway, Faulkner, O’Connor, Yamamoto, Baraka, Morrison, and Bechdel. Students will reflect critically on literature, evaluate and acknowledge the possibilities and limitations of the authors’ worldviews, and construct arguments about the texts using evidence from primary and secondary sources.	Prerequisite(s): English 101 with a C or better, placement into English 200, or instructor permission.
ENG 208	Literature of the Bible	A study of the rich literary heritage found in both Hebrew and Christian scripture. The course focuses on such types as: saga, short story, poetry, gospel narrative and apocalyptic writings. Themes include the human struggle to understand the Divine and the nature of good and evil.	Prerequisite(s): English 101 with a C or better, placement into English 200, or instructor permission.
ENG 210	Literature of the Black Experience	Literature of the Black Experience will highlight the cultural, historical, and linguistic traditions of people of African ancestry across the Black Diaspora through study of intersecting historical, racial, social, and political movements. Through critical inquiry and analysis, students will cultivate an awareness of race, class, gender, culture, language, power, erasure, and other tenets of Black identity. Selected works may include oral histories, slave narrative, song, poetry, speeches, music, photography, and essay. The course will also center Black joy to combat racialized trauma and to offer cultural celebration as resistance.	Prerequisite(s): English 101 with a C or better, placement into English 200, or instructor permission.
ENG 213	Creative Writing	A workshop approach for students interested in doing original writing of at least three of the following four genres: short fiction, creative nonfiction, poetry, and drama. Emphasis is on reading and analytical discussion of students' work.	(Prerequisite(s): ENG 101 with a C or better, placement into ENG 200 or instructor permission.
ENG 215	Children's Literature	A survey of classic and contemporary children's works from Aesop to Woodson. Students will analyze a variety of genres, such as fairy tales, picture books, and novels, and explore issues such as censorship, the environment, adolescent challenges, social justice, equity, cultural diversity, and identity. Students will reflect critically on literature, evaluate and acknowledge the possibilities and limitations of the authors’ worldviews, and construct arguments about the texts using evidence from primary and secondary sources.	Prerequisite(s): ENG 101 with a C or better, or placement into ENG 200, or instructor permission.
ENG 216	American Minorities in Literature	A study of authors whose literature provides a minority view of American life. Includes authors of African-American, Native American, Latino and Asian heritage, such as Hughes, Giovanni, Momaday, Storm, Thomas, Pereda, Yutang, Mori.	Prerequisite(s): English 101 with a C or better, or placement into English 200, or instructor permission.
ENG 217	Women, Gender and Literature	This course explores women in literature across history and cultures. The course may be approached chronologically or thematically, and readings will be drawn from women authors who represent various experiences and identities. Genres studied may include fiction, non-fiction, drama, poetry, and other forms of expression. In addition to studying the literary aspects of the texts, students will examine, discuss, and write about the historical, social, and political backdrops within which these texts were written and received. Special attention will be paid to historic and contemporary issues of representation and power, including intersections of gender and race, class, sexual identities, and more.	Prerequisite(s): English 101 with a C or better, or placement into English 200, or instructor permission.
ENG 218	Introduction to Shakespeare	Reading, discussion, and written analysis of several major plays and some of the sonnets. The course explores Shakespeare’s challenging language and the memorably rendered characters that populate his works, including kings, queens, lovers, shrews and fools. Themes such as power, revenge, love, jealousy, ambition and betrayal will be discussed. Critical approaches including psychological, feminist, and historical theories may be presented and applied to the texts.	Prerequisite(s): English 101 with a C or better, or placement into English 200, or instructor permission.
ENG 220	Introduction to Dramatic Literature	A survey of drama from the ancient Greeks to the end of the 20th century, with emphasis on dramatic structure and style. The readings may include international writers such as Aristophanes, Marlowe, Goldsmith, Ibsen, O'Neill, Fugard and Childress.	Prerequisite(s): English 101 with a C or better, or placement into English 200, or instructor permission.
ENG 223	Science Fiction	Reading, discussion, and written analysis of speculative fiction novels and short stories about human beings experiencing the changes resulting from science and technology. Representative authors from Shelley and Wells, through Clarke and Heinlein, to LeGuin and Delany.	Prerequisite(s): English 101 with a C or better, or placement into English 200, or instructor permission.
ENG 224	Literature of Horror	Students will read classic, modern, and contemporary short stories and novels, with an emphasis on the historical development of the genre. Attention will be given to supernatural, psychological, and allegorical themes and tropes in such fiction, as well as relevant social and historical background information. The course will center on written fiction, with occasional reference to horror in films and other media.	Prerequisite(s): English 101 with a C or better, or placement into English 200, or instructor permission.
ENG 226	LGBTQ Literature	This course will include examination and analysis of short stories, drama, memoir, film, and graphic fiction by, for, and about LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer) people’s lives and experiences. Focus will broaden to include cultural and social history of LGBTQ rights and visibility, and the LGBTQ-specific publishing industry. Coursework will include reading assignments, critical analysis and essays, and class discussions.	Prerequisite(s): ENG 101 with a C or better, or placement into ENG 200, or permission of instructor.
ENG 230	World Mythology	Literary, cultural, psychological, and historical study of myths, such as Greek, Roman, Mesoamerican, West African, Chinese, and/or Norse. The course emphasizes creation, nature, and hero myths as they shaped ancient civilizations and discusses how these myths affect global cultures today.	Prerequisite(s): English 101 with a C or better, or placement into English 200, or instructor permission.
ENG 250	Professional Communication	This course prepares students to produce practical and persuasive business and professional communications in both printed and digital formats appropriate for various audiences. Students will utilize writing and speaking skills necessary in various career fields and professional settings and create, revise, and edit several types of communications with attention to clarity, organization, formatting, and appropriate language. Research techniques, intercultural communication, problem solving, and preparation and delivery of oral communications will be addressed.	Prerequisite(s): ENG 101 with a grade of C or better or ENG 200 with a grade of C or better.
ENG 251	Technical Communication	This course prepares students to produce instructive, informational, technical, and persuasive documents in both printed and digital formats appropriate for various audiences. Students will utilize writing and speaking skills necessary in various technical fields to demonstrate the effective construction of common technical writing genres with an emphasis on clarity, conciseness, and accuracy. Research techniques, information design, effective use of visuals, and preparation and delivery of oral communications will be addressed.	Prerequisite: ENG 101 with a grade of C or better or ENG 200 with a grade of C or better. *These courses do not fulfill the requirements for a Literature elective.
ENR 261	Matlab Programming	A course that uses structured software programming techniques to implement problem solving methodologies and develop solutions to various engineering problems. Techniques such as numerical and statistical analysis, numerical methods, symbolic solutions and graphical techniques are applied in the solutions. Pseudo-code, and flowcharts are used to develop a structured approach to the problem solution which will often require the development of user-defined functions and decision making programming constructs utilized in short script files. Some larger projects may include the development of a graphical user interface (GUI) to handle the program inputs, solution options and outputs.	Prerequisites: ENR 161 or CSC 101, each with a grade of C or better. Co-requisites: MTH 211 (or MTH 211 previously completed with a grade of C or higher)
ESL 140	ESOL: Reading for Fluency	This companion course to ESL 145 supports the development of oral and written fluency through extensive reading for low advanced English language learners. It includes personal responses to texts, small group discussion, and grammar & vocabulary study. Students gain a deeper understanding of American culture by analyzing themes.	Score of 54-64 on CELSA placement test; or ESL 100 and ESL 120, each with a grade of C or better; or permission of program coordinator.
ESL 145	ESOL: Integrated Skills 2	This course promotes the development of academic listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills for low advanced English language learners. It includes small group discussion, paraphrasing, summarizing, synthesizing, and vocabulary study. Students complete a research project, integrating library resources, interviews, and various media.	Prerequisite(s): Score of 58-64 on CELSA placement test; or ESL 100 and ESL 120, each with a grade of C or better if taken concurrently with ESL 140; or permission of program coordinator.
ESL 158	ESOL: Oral Communication	This course focuses on the skills needed for effective communication in social and academic settings, including cultural differences in non-verbal communication. Students improve listening skills and oral fluency through discussion, role play, interviews, oral presentations, and listening activities using various media.	Prerequisites: Score of 54 or higher on CELSA placement test; or ESL 100 and ESL 120 each with a grade of C or better; or permission of program coordinator.
ESL 201	ESOL: Integrated Skills 3	This course emphasizes the continuing development of academic listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills for high advanced English language learners. It includes analysis of various media, small group discussion, informal writing, paraphrasing, summarizing, and essay writing through the process approach. Students focus on revising and editing their writing for accuracy.	Prerequisite Score of 65-69 on CELSA placement test; or ESL 140 and ESL 145, each with a grade of C or better; or ESL 145 only with a grade of C or better for students with a score of 58-64 on CELSA placement test; or permission of program coordinator.
FSA 119	Culinary Arts: Fundamentals of Food Preparation II	The course builds upon concepts learned in Fundamentals of Food Preparation I and covers instruction in advanced techniques of culinary arts, including food theory, demonstrations and hands-on cooking. Students will engage in various advanced food preparation techniques and will sample their culinary creations.	MCC Level 2 Mathematics Placement OR higher and FSA 106 and FSA 109, each with a grade of C or better;
FSA 211	Culinary Arts: Fundamentals of Baking and Pastry	Students will learn the fundamentals of baking and pastries. Theory and hands-on work will support the students’ understanding of this art and science. This course is intended to give the student a detailed understanding of the components of various bread, cookie and pastry preparation techniques including quick breads, yeast breads, enriched and laminated doughs, cookie mixing methods, pies, tarts, syrups, icings, sauces, custards, creams, and cakes. Students will sample and critique their culinary work.	FSA 106 and FSA 109, each with a grade of C or better.
FSA 230	International Cuisine: Advanced Food Prep	Through this combination lecture and hands-on laboratory class, students will learn about the cuisines that are representative of various international cultures. Students will explore the equipment, cooking techniques, ingredients and flavor profiles of a variety of countries. They will learn how the geography and history of each country is related to the cuisine which represents the culture.	FSA 106 and FSA 109, each with a grade of C or better, or permission of department
HIM 103	Health Care Documentation	Introduction to the development, form, content, and evaluation of the health record. Introduction to hospital admitting department. Introduction to the organization, responsibilities, and committees of the hospital medical staff. Health record principles are applied in the laboratory setting.	Prerequisite: HIM 100 with a grade of C or better.
HMN 220	Global Humanities I	Interdisciplinary study of a variety of significant works of literature, philosophy, history, art, and music from a global perspective. The course will chronologically or thematically survey works of regions (including but not limited to Europe, Asia, Africa, India, and the Americas) from prehistory to 1500 while emphasizing oral and written analysis of primary and secondary works.	Prerequisite(s): English 101 with a grade of C or better or English 200 with a grade of C or better.
HMN 221	Global Humanities II	Interdisciplinary study of a variety of significant works of literature, philosophy, history, art, and music from a global perspective. The course will chronologically or thematically survey works of regions (including but not limited to Europe, Asia, Africa, India, and the Americas) from 1500 to the present while emphasizing oral and written analysis of primary and secondary works.	Prerequisite(s): English 101 with a grade of C or better, or English 200 with a grade of C or better.
HSP 225	Italy-Hospitality, Culture, and Society on Location	This course is designed to provide students the opportunity to see and experience the richness of Italy through the unique experiences of travel and immersion into local society. The core components of this course will be a stay in country, with visits to the main cities and cultural centers providing experience through immersion. Class meetings prior to the trip will focus on topics that will help the students prepare for the experience, and meetings after the trip will provide a time for debriefing, reporting, evaluation, and assimilation. The student is expected to complete ten tasks during his/her stay, make an oral presentation, and prepare a portfolio of the trip. This portfolio can be a personal journal, photo display, video recording, or a combination thereof. On location hours are variable depending on the field experience offered.	Prerequisite(s): Overall GPA of 2.5 or better or by permission of instructor.
HUM 102	Basic Helping Skills	Development of basic helping skills, including sensitivity, empathy, attending, questioning, confrontation, and problem solving. Examination and evaluation of client assessment, goal setting, case planning, case management. Further practice in group process and continuation of skill development in observing, listening, interviewing, recording and reporting. Discussions and analysis of field work experience. Students must be qualified ( based on Accuplacer) to take ENG 101 in order to register for this course. In conjunction with this course, the student must take and pass HUM 112 Field Work in Human Services II.	Prerequisite: HUM 101 with a grade of C- or better.
HUM 106	Human Services Focus	Designed to allow maximum, flexible response to specific needs of groups and agencies with particular human service problems. Details of specific offerings will be available at registration time each semester offered. Students must be qualified ( based on Accuplacer) to take ENG 101 in order to register for this course. In conjunction with this course, the student must take and pass HUM 116 Field Work in Human Services Focus.	Prerequisite: HUM 101 with a grade of C- or better
HUM 112	Field Work in Human Services II	Student chooses this field work placement in accordance with his or her emerging career goals. Opportunities for taking increasing amounts of responsibility for agency clients. Planning with experienced agency supervisor to develop specific skills needed to function effectively as a member of the agency's helping service team. In conjunction with this course, the student must take and pass HUM 102 Basic Helping Skills. Open only to students in HUM 102.	Prerequisite: HUM 111 with a grade of C- or better.
HUM 116	Field Work in Human Services Focus	A Human Services field work course designed to meet the needs of students in Human Services focus courses. This course provides practical experience in the service field for each Human Services focus course. In conjunction with this course, the student must take and pass HUM 106 Human Services Focus. Open only to students in HUM 106.	Prerequisite: HUM 111 with a grade of C- or better; co-requisite: HUM 106
HUM 201	Models of Helping	Examination of the models, theories and roles that guide the practice of Human Services. The organizational structure of human services agencies will be examined and the systemic issues that impact clients and agencies will be analyzed. Career and transfer opportunities will be explored. Advanced group process, and field work experience will be discussed and analyzed. Students must be qualified ( based on Accuplacer) to take ENG 101 in order to register for this course. In conjunction with this course, the student must take and pass HUM 211 Field Work in Human Services III.	Prerequisite: HUM 102, 112 with a grade of C- or better.
HUM 211	Field Work in Human Services III	Students select field placement to enhance attainment of individual career goals. Under experienced agency supervisors, students carry increased responsibility for clients and for agency program planning. Further development of the specific helping skills needed for effective functioning in the chosen agency. In conjunction with this course, the student must take and pass HUM 201 Models of Helping. Open only to students in HUM 201.	Prerequisite: HUM 112 with a grade of C- or better.
IDE 102	Introduction to Interior Design II	As a continuation of IDE101, this course explores the physical properties of the built environment. Through discussion of building codes, construction technologies, mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems a basic understanding of the built environment will be addressed. Consideration will be given to interior building components, materials, and furnishings.	Prerequisite: IDE 101 with a grade of C or better
IDE 201	Residential Planning and Design	Provides practical application of interior design concepts to the residential design project. Students will work on a variety of residential problems with emphasis on client contact and interviewing, program development, and design development. Communication of design concepts via a variety of media and presentations will be required.	Prerequisite(s):IDE 102 with a grade of C or better and IDE 132 with a grade of C or better.
IDE 203	Contract Design and Planning	Provides practical application of interior design concepts to the nonresidential design project with an emphasis on issues of accessibility and ergonomics. Students will work in teams on both hospitality and office design projects.	Prerequisite(s): IDE 102 with a grade of C or better and IDE 132 with a grade of C or better.
IDE 250	Color and Light	This course explores the relationship of color and light, focusing on the development of interior lighting systems. Specific attention will be given to emerging lighting technologies and their application in the interior.	Prerequisite(s): IDE 102 with a grade of C or better; IDE 132 with a grade of C or better.
IDE 270	Interior Design Seminar	This course covers the use of digital drawing, photo-editing, and website design as means of developing self promotion through the creation of resume and portfolio materials. Discussion will address transfer options as well as the many possible career paths that may be pursued in the field.	Prerequisite(s): IDE 102 with a grade of C or better; IDE 132 with a grade of C or better.
MAR 201	Dynamics of Selling	This course focuses on the factors involved in effective selling. It provides conceptual and hands-on practical guidance using both models and frameworks that support the sales planning process combined with role-playing scenarios. Emphasis is on the development of the sales mindset, sales/sales call planning, and sales execution for both the sales professional or business owner. Topics include understanding buyer personalities and communication preferences, the B2B and RFP buying process, application of psychological and persuasive selling techniques, methods of conducting the sales presentation, and territory/account structure and management.	Prerequisite(s):  BUS 104 OR BUS 110 with a C or better
MET 203	Technical Mechanics, Statics	This course engages the student in the study of the Vector Mechanics of Mechanical Systems in Static Equilibrium. The student will study Force Systems, Constraint Mechanisms, Basic Beam Theory and Structures including: Trusses, Frames and Machines. The course prepares the student in the basic development of equations and systems of equations necessary for the solution to engineering problems needed for future study.	Pre-requisite(s): MTH 140, MTH 152 or MTH 165 each with a grade of C or better; Co-requisite: PHY 131 or higher (or previously completed)
MET 208	Technical Mechanics, Dynamics	Students will study classical vector mechanics dealing with the laws of motion. The course covers kinematics, the study of motion without reference to cause, and kinetics, the study of motion as a result of applied forces and moments.	Prerequisite: MET 203 with a grade of C or better.
MET 225	Machine Design Theory I	This is a course which studies the practical use of advanced strength of materials principles, allowing the student to interpret the failure mechanisms necessary for optimized machine element design. Computer based tools are used to create analytical tools.	Prerequisite: MET 203 with a grade of C or better.
MET 226	Machine Design Theory II	This is the second of a two-course sequence in Machine Design Theory. It is an advanced course in which mathematical analysis, industry best practices, and system interpretation are used for the effective design of machine elements such as bearings, springs, gears, cams and mechanisms. Computer based tools are applied to create flexible design and analytical tools.	Prerequisite: MET 225 with a grade of C or better.
MTH 096	Algebra for Statistics	A basic algebra course designed to prepare students for MTH 160 (Statistics I) or MTH 162 (Statistics for the Social Sciences) at MCC. It is only for students who need MTH 160, MTH 161 or MTH 162 as the terminal mathematics course in their program and place at Mathematics Level 4, 5, or 6. It is not for students who need to take MTH 104 or MTH 165 (or higher). Topics include, but are not limited to, arithmetic operations on real numbers, solving linear equations and inequalities, simplifying expressions containing integer exponents, simplifying square roots and finding decimal approximations, graphing linear equations, an introduction to function notation, and appropriate applications of these topics. MTH 096 is a developmental course. It does not fulfill a mathematics requirement.	Prerequisite(s): MCC level 4 mathematics placement or higher or TRS 094 with a grade of C or better.
MTH 098	Elementary Algebra*	An introductory mathematics course designed to develop algebraic skills. Topics include, but are not limited to: solving linear equations and inequalities, performing arithmetic operations on polynomials, simplifying expressions containing integer exponents, graphing linear equations, and solving systems of two linear equations.	Prerequisite: TRS 094 with a grade of C or better, or MCC Level 4 Mathematics Placement.
MTH 104	Intermediate Algebra*	An intermediate mathematics course designed to further develop algebraic skills. Topics include, but are not limited to: factoring polynomials; solving equations involving quadratic, rational, and radical expressions; performing arithmetic operations on rational expressions, complex numbers, and radical expressions; evaluating functions; graphing quadratic functions; and simplifying expressions involving rational exponents; appropriate applications of topics.	Prerequisite: MTH 098 with a grade of C or better, or MTH 099 with a grade of C or better, or MCC Level 6 Mathematics Placement.
MTH 150	Survey of Mathematics	A study of various topics including an introduction to estimation, algebra, geometry, consumer mathematics, probability and statistics, with an emphasis on critical thinking and interpreting results. Other topics may be covered at the discretion of the instructor. MTH 150 is a common selection by Liberal Arts students with fewer than three years of high school mathematics. MTH 150 is not a prerequisite course for MTH 160 or higher. Although this course can satisfy your mathematics requirement for some MCC programs and transfer to some baccalaureate institutions, if you are planning to transfer please speak with an academic advisor or Career and Transfer to ensure that this course meets your goals.	Prerequisite: TRS 094 with a grade of C or better, or MCC Level 4 Mathematics placement.
MTH 156	Mathematics for Elementary Teachers II	A continuation of the concepts of MTH 155, which develop the mathematical competency of the teacher or prospective teacher at the elementary level. Students will develop a comprehensive understanding of the mathematical curriculum recommended by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) Standards using a problem solving approach with appropriate technology. Topics include probability, statistics, measurement, 2 and 3 dimensional geometry, transformational geometry, coordinate geometry, constructions, congruence and similarity. MTH 156 is a special interest course; check for availability.	Prerequisite: MTH 155 with a grade of C or better.
MTH 160	Statistics I	An introduction to descriptive and inferential statistics intended to give an understanding of statistical techniques and applications in a wide variety of disciplines. Topics include measures of central tendency; dispersion and position; correlation and regression; probability and probability distributions, including binomial and normal; the Central Limit Theorem; parameter estimation and hypothesis testing. Students critically analyze data, acknowledge limitations such as perspective and bias, and develop well-reasoned arguments to form conclusions. Statistical software is used. MTH 160 and MTH 162 have similar content. A student cannot receive credit for MTH 160 if they already have credit for MTH 162.	Prerequisite(s):Any of the following with a grade of C or better: MTH 096, MTH 104, MTH 152, MTH 165 (or higher); or MCC Level 7 mathematics placement.
MTH 161	Statistics II	Statistical inference with an introduction to experimental design. Topics include hypothesis testing and estimation for means, proportions and variances; sample size determination; uses of Chi-square distribution; analysis of variance; linear correlation and regression, non-parametric statistics and statistical research. Students critically analyze data, acknowledge limitations such as perspective and bias, and develop well-reasoned arguments to form conclusions. Statistical software is used.	Prerequisite: MTH 160 with a grade of C or better.
MTH 162	Statistics for the Social Sciences	An introduction to descriptive and inferential statistics intended to give an understanding of statistical techniques and applications used in the social sciences. Topics include: measures of central tendency, dispersion and position; correlation and regression; probability and probability distributions, including binomial and normal; parameter estimation and hypothesis testing; two-sample analysis; chi-square test of independence; one-way analysis of variance. Students critically analyze data, acknowledge limitations such as perspective and bias, and develop well-reasoned arguments to form conclusions. Statistical software will be used. This course is intended for, but not limited to Social Science majors. Students who have completed MTH 160 or MTH 161 may not receive additional credit for this course.	Prerequisite(s): Prerequisite(s): Any of the following with a grade of C or better: MTH 096, MTH 104, MTH 152, MTH 165 (or higher); or MCC Level 7 mathematics placement.
MTH 163	Statistics I Extended Topics	A continuation of Statistics I, this course expands upon Statistics I topics to further students’ education surrounding statistical techniques and applications used in the social sciences. Topics include: significance tests for correlation; parameter estimation and hypothesis testing in two-sample analyses; chi-square test of independence; one-way analysis of variance. Students critically analyze data, acknowledge limitations such as perspective and bias, and develop well-reasoned arguments to form conclusions. Statistical software will be used. This course is intended for but not limited to Social Science majors who have already take MTH 160. Students who have completed MTH 161 or MTH 162 may not receive additional credit for this course.	Prerequisite(s): MTH 160 with a grade of C or better
MTH 164	Introduction to Trigonometry	A first course in trigonometry. Topics include the trigonometric ratios, radian measure, angles in a coordinate system, ratio values for any angle, graphs of trigonometric functions and basic trigonometric identities and equations. A specific calculator may be required of students in this course. Students are advised to check with their instructor.	Prerequisite: MTH 104 with a grade of C or better, or MCC Level 8 Mathematics Placement.
MTH 165	College Algebra	This course is intended to enhance algebraic skills and graphing techniques, and to prepare students for Precalculus Mathematics and Applied Calculus. Topics include functions that are quadratic, polynomial, piecewise, exponential and logarithmic; equations that are quadratic in form, involve radicals, absolute value, variation and rational exponents; inequalities that are polynomial, rational, and absolute value.	Prerequisite: MTH 104 with a grade of C or better, or MTH 140 with a grade of C or better, or MCC Level 8 Mathematics placement.
MTH 172	Technical Discrete Mathematics	An introduction to discrete mathematics primarily intended for students majoring in Information Technology or Computer Systems Technology. The emphasis will be on the development of technical discrete mathematics skills, rather than rigorous proof. Topics will include number systems, sets, logic, induction, elementary counting techniques, relations, functions, matrices, and Boolean algebra. Note: This course is not designed for students intending to major in Mathematics or Computer Science. Students intending to major in Mathematics or Computer Science should take MTH 220.	Prerequisite: MTH 141 or MTH 165 with a grade of C or better, or MCC Level 9 Mathematics placement, or equivalent.
MTH 200	Applied Calculus	An intuitive introduction to the principal ideas of differential and integral calculus. Among the topics covered are: functions (including exponential and logarithmic), limits, differentiation, and integration. Emphasis will be placed upon the use of calculus in solving problems from areas including business, economics, and the social and natural sciences.	Prerequisite: MTH 165 with grade of C or better, or MCC Level 9 Mathematics placement, or equivalent.
MTH 225	Differential Equations	An introduction to ordinary differential equations and their applications. Analytical methods include: separation of variables, linear first order equations, substitution methods, second order linear equations with constant coefficients, undetermined coefficients, variation of parameters, autonomous systems of two first order equations, series solutions about ordinary points, and the Laplace Transform. In addition to analytical methods, quantitative and qualitative analysis will be employed through the use of Euler’s Method, phase lines, phase planes, and slope fields.	Prerequisite: MTH 211 with a grade of C or better.
MTH 230	Linear Algebra	Topics include systems of linear equations, vectors and matrices, determinants, vector spaces, linear transformations, eigenvectors and eigenvalues, and inner product spaces. Course also offered in Summer.	Prerequisite: MTH 212 with a grade of C or better, or both MTH 211 and MTH 220 with a grade of C or better in each, or permission of instructor.
NUR 111	Fundamentals of Nursing	NUR 111 focuses on the Basic Needs of the non acute adult patient to provide quality, safe patient centered care for diverse populations. The MCC nursing program’s conceptual framework and the core competencies of Associate Degree Nursing practice: Professional Identity, Nursing Judgment, Human Flourishing, and Spirit of Inquiry, are introduced. Students use knowledge, science and evidence to begin to assess a patient’s ability to meet Basic Needs and to implement fundamental nursing interventions. This course has a required clinical component	Prerequisites: Grade of C or better in high school chemistry, biology and either Sequential Math, Math A Regents or High School Algebra; Co-requisite(s): NUR 110, PSY 101, BIO 144, and MTH 160, unless previously taken.
OFT 112	Advanced Word I	An intermediate course emphasizing enhanced formatting skills utilizing Microsoft Word. Production of mailable business documents with advanced features. Composition and creation of business correspondence will be infused throughout the course. Integrating decision making and problem solving skills are stressed. Continued emphasis on speed development and accuracy.	Prerequisite: OFT 111 with a grade of C- or better.
OFT 201	Advanced Word II	Advanced formatting skills of complex business documents utilizing Microsoft Word applications. Orientation to collaborative work concepts. Topics covered include graphics, complex mail merges, electronic forms, macros, and long document production utilizing master and subdocuments. Projects integrate decision-making, problem-solving, and language arts skills. Continued development of speed and accuracy.	Prerequisite: OFT 112 with a grade of C- or better.
OFT 240	Office Transcription	An introduction to and development of transcription skills from dictated material. A review of grammar and punctuation along with an emphasis on spelling and word study skills. An introduction to the malleability concept during transcription practice with the goal of malleability in testing situations.	Prerequisites: OFT 111 with a grade of C- or better and OFT 141.
OPT 175	Quantitative Skills in Optics	This course teaches students the fundamentals of technical math and metrology as it is applied to optics manufacturing. Students will deepen practical understanding of mathematics, measurements, and a wide range of scenarios in optics manufacturing, testing, and quality assurance with appropriate software and testing tools. Students will learn to set up mathematical relations and equations based on physical situations, drawing on concepts from algebra, geometry, trigonometry, and statistical analysis.	Prerequisite(s): MTH 098 with a grade of C or better, or MCC Level 5 Mathematics Placement or Permission of Department
PSY 108	Fundamentals of APA Style	Students will learn the basics of APA style, the standard writing style for most social sciences. Proper techniques for citing sources, preparing a manuscript, and expressing material clearly and accurately will be covered. Students will practice writing short papers and components of papers in this style.	Prerequisite(s): Completed English 101 with a C or better, or completed English 200 with a C or better.
PSY 215	Cognitive Psychology	How do we think, make decisions, solve problems, perceive our world, and remember our past? What is intelligence, creativity, or awareness? Cognitive psychology explores these complex and important human processes. In this course, students will learn the theories, methods, and concepts of cognitive psychology and apply them to many areas of life.	Prerequisite: PSY 101 with a grade of C or better
REA 101	Critical Reading	This course will help students strengthen their critical reading and thinking skills, improve their academic literacy, and expand their general knowledge across the disciplines, especially the Humanities. Students will read a variety of written, oral, visual, and cultural texts in order to improve their analytical, interpretive, and evaluative skills. Students will synthesize text in all its forms through a variety of thematic approaches (music, drugs, diversity, etc.) in order to develop new ideas and conclusions. They will apply these critical and evaluative skills through research, presentations, discourse, and written assignments. This course is recommended for all students.	REA 100 grade of C or better, TRS 200 with a grade of C or better, Accuplacer reading comprehension score of 81 or higher.
SCR 230	Cloud Security	Cloud Security provides an in-depth study of the security and privacy of cloud computing systems. Topics include cloud computing models, security issues relating to data and server outsourcing; threat models; and cloud-based security controls and measures. The course also addresses the development of logging and audits to ensure operational integrity in order to protect customer data in cloud-based resources, as well as examining the internet of things (IoT) in the context of cloud security and privacy.	Prerequisite(s): CPT 115 and CPT 120, both with a C or better or permission of instructor.
TAM 271	Advanced Manufacturing Co Op	Students in the Precision Machining certificate and degree programs may participate in a cooperative educational experience as a program elective. Students enrolled in this co-op must be able to work and document a minimum of 150 hours per semester. Both paid and unpaid work experiences are acceptable. The work-based learning experience will take place at an approved area manufacturer. The required seminar will be completed separately online by the student with the assigned instructor. Student must secure employer sponsor before course starts. The course instructor must approve the sponsor/employer. Present jobs may qualify.	TAM 101 (C+ or Better), TAM 105 (C+ or better), TAM 131 (C+or better) or permission of department.
TOY 195	Brakes	A class focusing on theory-related instruction and demonstration of testing and repair procedures covering automotive brake systems including: drum and disc brakes, hydraulic systems, power assist and anti-lock systems.	Prerequisite: TOY 191 with a grade of C or better.
TOY 201	Engine Performance 2	This is the second of two courses covering the operation, inspection, diagnosis, service and repair of engine management Systems. Topics of focus will include: advanced level diagnostics including fuel trim, DTC's, drivability, Mode $06 scan tool usage, and emissions control systems.	Prerequisite: TOY 200 with a grade of C or better.
XRT 108	Contrast Media	This course focuses on pharmacology principles, physiology of the vascular system, types and makeup of various types of contrast media, routes of contrast media administration, administration of contrast guidelines, reactions to contrast media and emergency treatments of contrast media reactions.	Pre-Requisites: XRT 111 and XRT 151; each with a grade of C or better.
XRT 109	Skull Imaging	This course focuses on the anatomy and positioning of the skull, sinuses and facial bones including sutures, foramen, fissures, relevant landmarks and baselines. Standard and unique positions of the skull, including trauma studies, will be covered.	Pre-Requisites: XRT 111 and XRT 151; each with a grade of C or better.
XRT 122	Radiographic Technology II	Study of advanced radiographic positioning procedures, and in-depth radiographic exposure principles and experimental applications. Additional emphasis is on contrast media used in diagnostic imaging, pediatric radiography, and radiography of the skull, sinuses, and temporal bone.	Prerequisites: XRT 111 and XRT 151 with a grade of C or better.
XRT 124	Imaging Procedures 2	This course is a continuation of Imaging Procedures 1 with a focus on advanced anatomy, physiology and positioning of the gastrointestinal system, spine, thorax, urinary/reproductive systems, pediatric and geriatric modifications and special imaging procedures. Content also includes patient safety and legal considerations. A laboratory component is included for hands-on practice.	Prerequisite: XRT 111 and XRT 151; each with a grade of C or better.
XRT 125	Image Production 2	This course is a continuation of Image Production 1. It will focus on the creation of image contrast, the relationship between contrast and penetrability, the production and control of scatter radiation, the effect of scatter radiation effect on contrast, technical factors and their effect on contrast, the effects of the use of various imaging modalities and the analysis and evaluation of technical principles on an image.	Prerequisites: XRT 111 and XRT 151; each with a grade of C or better.
XRT 152	Clinical Education II	A continuation of XRT 151. This course is designed to involve students in supervised direct delivery of diagnostic radiographic services at an assigned clinical education center. A structured clinical learning plan enables the student to gain experience in basic routine procedures and gradually move through mastery learning toward competent clinical attitudes and skills development.	Prerequisites: XRT 111 and XRT 151 with a grade of C or better.
XRT 153	Clinical Education III	A continuation of XRT 152. This course is designed to involve students in supervised direct delivery of diagnostic radiographic services at an assigned clinical education center. A structured clinical learning plan enables the student to gain experience in standard routine procedures and gradually move through mastery learning toward competent clinical attitudes and skills development. Additional laboratory focus is on mammography including competency testing.	Prerequisites: XRT 122 and XRT 152 with a grade of C or better, and PHY 141.
XRT 211	Radiographic Technology III	Study of advanced radiography of the facial bones by producing and evaluating phantom radiographic images. Continuation of advanced radiographic exposure utilizing theory, applications, and problem solving. Additional focus is on the fundamental principles of radiation biology and protection with emphasis on implications for technologists.	Prerequisite: XRT 153 with a grade of C or better.
XRT 214	Image Production 3	This is the third and final part of Image Production and will focus on advanced electronics, electromagnetism principles, creation of electric current, voltage, resistance, electromagnetic devices, electronics problems, x-ray circuit, tube alignment, geometry of image formation, proper use of primary and ancillary x-ray equipment. Advanced principles of electronic image production and processing is covered. A focus is on math problems, critical thinking and analysis.	Prerequisite: XRT 153 with a grade of C or better.
XRT 215	Sectional Anatomy	Designed to provide students in the diagnostic imaging sciences a basic understanding of three dimensional structure relationships of normal anatomy. Transverse, cornal, sagittal orientation of visceral anatomy of the head, neck, thorax, abdomen and pelvis will be presented with emphasis in the transverse plane. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance images will be used as supplemental learning tools.	Prerequisites: XRT 153 with a grade of C or better
XRT 216	Radiation Protection and Biology	This course is an introduction to the fundamental principles of radiation. It focuses on radiation safety principles and statutory regulations from the NRC, NCRP and the New York State Department of Health. It also presents a comprehensive study of protection with emphasis on the basic concepts of dose measurement, interaction of radiation with matter, maximum permissible dose, radiation effects in biological systems, and personnel and patient protection methods.	Prerequisite: XRT 153 with a grade of C or better.
XRT 220	Imaging Pathology I	Designed to examine medical images for pathologic processes as compared to normal anatomy and topography. The main focus is on the study of changes which occur as a result of disease and injury which necessitate alteration of standard radiographic exposure applications. Probes pathology of the respiratory system, alimentary tract, and the hepatobiliary system.	Prerequisite: XRT 153 with a grade of C or better.
XRT 222	Radiographic Technology IV	The study of advance imaging such as special procedures, interventional radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Fundamentals applications of quality assurance for diagnostic radiology occurs in the energized x-ray laboratory. Additional focus is on radiographic equipment analysis and concepts of radiography management.	Prerequisites: XRT 211, XRT 215, and XRT 251 with a grade of C or better.
XRT 224	Quality Assurance	This course focuses on national and state criteria for quality assurance and quality control requirements for imaging equipment. This course provides the rationale for a quality assurance program, methodology for such a program, and equipment performance tests, evaluations, and analysis.	Prerequisites: XRT 211 and XRT 251; each with a grade of C or better.
XRT 226	Management and Leadership in Radiology	This course will provide students with an overview of the structure and function of an imaging department in Medical Imaging Center or clinic. The focus is two fold: to provide the students with an awareness of oneself, as it relates to successful employment via harmony with management and it will help the student in establishing stronger communication skills through verbal and written exercises and projects.	Prerequisites: XRT 211 and XRT 251; each with a grade of C or better.
XRT 227	Computed Tomography Principles	This course will cover the technology of computed tomography. It will include scanner generations, scanner components and operation, tubes and detectors, image acquisition and the components required for image creation and viewing.	Prerequisites: XRT 211 and XRT 251; each with a grade of C or better.
XRT 228	Advanced Imaging	This course will study the evolution of angiographic techniques, historical to present, which include the pioneers of angiographic and interventional radiology. The equipment used, supplies needed, imaging technologies, computerized programming, procedures commonly performed, cutdown techniques and catheters used will be presented.	Prerequisites: XRT 211 and XRT 251; each with a grade of C or better.
XRT 251	Clinical Education IV	A continuation of XRT 153. This course is designed to involve students in supervised direct delivery of diagnostic radiographic services at an assigned clinical education center. A structured clinical learning plan enables the student to gain experience in advanced procedures and gradually move through mastery learning toward competent clinical attitudes and skills development.	Prerequisite: XRT 153 with a grade of C or better.
XRT 252	Clinical Education V	A continuation of XRT 251. This course is designed to involve students in supervised direct delivery of diagnostic radiographic services at an assigned clinical education center. A structured clinical learning plan enables the student to gain experience in advanced procedures and move through mastery learning toward competent clinical attitudes and skills development. Additional emphasis is on procedural proficiency leading to professional competence. Completion of all clinical education requirements and submission of the student's clinical portfolio is essential in order to graduate.	Prerequisites: XRT 211, XRT 215, and XRT 251 with a grade of C or better.