Module 1 Study Guide

Chapter 1, Appendix, Scientific American Article

Learning Objective 1

Chapter 1.1, 1.3, Psychology is a Science; Psychology Develops Critical Thinking

  • section 1.2 (pp. 6-9) is included in LO 10, below
  • Definition of psychology (pp. 4-5)
  • Critical thinking and steps in critical thinking (pp. 9-13)

Learning Objective 2

Chapter 1.5, Key Principles: Five Interconnected Domains

  • Biological (pp. 16-17)
  • Cognitive (pp. 16-17)
  • Developmental (pp. 16-17)
  • Social and personality (pp. 16-17)
  • Mental and physical health (pp. 16-17)

Learning Objective 3

Chapter 1.6, 1.7, Psychology is Diverse; Psychologists must be Ethical

  • Diversity has benefits (p. 19)
  • Research participants must be diverse (pp. 21-22)
  • Four ethical principles (pp. 23-24)

Learning Objective 4

Chapter 1.8, Scientific Method

  • Five steps in the cycle of the scientific method (pp. 25-29)

    • Formulate a theory (pp. 25-26)
    • Develop a testable hypothesis (p. 26)
    • Test the hypothesis with a research method (pp. 26-27)
    • Analyze the data (pp. 27-28)
    • Share the results and conduct more research (pp. 28-29)

Learning Objective 5

Chapter 1.9, Descriptive Methods

  • Definition of descriptive methods (p. 29)
  • Case studies (p. 30)
  • Observational studies (pp. 30-31)

    • With and without intervention (p. 31)
    • Observer bias (p. 31)
    • Reactivity (p. 31)

  • Self-reports (pp. 31-33)

    • Self-report bias (pp. 32-33)

Learning Objective 6

Chapter 1.10, Correlational Methods

  • Correlational methods (pp. 34-36)

    • Correlational methods (pp. 34-35)
    • Correlation is not causality (pp. 35-36)
    • Directionality problem (p. 35)
    • Third variable problem (p. 36)

Learning Objective 7

Chapter 1.11, Experimental Methods

  • Experimental methods (pp. 37-40)

    • Variables in an experiment (pp. 37-38)

      • Independent and dependent variables (pp. 37-38)

    • Operational definitions (p. 38)
    • Groups in an experiment (pp. 39-40)

      • Control group (p. 39)
      • Experimental group (p. 39)
      • Between-groups design (p. 39)
      • Within-subject design (p. 39)
      • Causality (pp. 39-40)

     

Learning Objective 8

Chapter 1.11, Experiment, Control, Random Samples, Random Assignment

  • Control and determining causality (p. 40)
  • Random samples and generalization of results (pp. 40-41)

    • Population versus sample (pp. 40-41)
    • Random sample (p. 41)
    • Convenience sample (p. 41)

  • Random assignment (pp. 41-42)

Learning Objective 9

Correlations; Inferential Statistics (Appendix A, found after p. 632)

  • Correlations measure relationships (Appendix, pp. A4-A6)
  • Inferential statistics rule out chance findings (Appendix, p. A6)

    • Statistical significance (Appendix, p. A6)

Learning Objective 10

Study Skills, Psychology uses Science, Scientific American article, Study Guide Intro)

  • Psychology uses the Science of Learning (pp. 6-9)

    • Six strategies (pp. 6-9)

  • PSY-101 Study Guide (pp. 3-4 of the Study Guide)
  • What works, what doesn’t (Scientific American PDF)

    • What works (pp. 49-51)

      • Self-testing (p. 49)

    • What doesn’t work (p. 52)

      • Highlighting without further work (p. 52)